Human Trafficing

CAUSES (Why does this problem exist? What situations have brought it about? Who or what is responsible? ) 1. Similar to traditional slavery; owner has complete control over the person. SOURCE (Author's last name and page number where you found the information on – just put web if found online. Put the â€Å"Title† if no author): Cullen-DuPont 7 2. Debt cause people to go towards this SOURCE (Author's last name and page number where you found the information on – just put web if found online. Put the â€Å"Title† if no author): Cullen-DuPont 7 3. 35,000 minor girls in prostitution in ThailandSOURCE (Author's last name and page number where you found the information on – just put web if found online. Put the â€Å"Title† if no author): Cullen-DuPont 12 4. purpose of exploitation(prostitution, forced labour/slavery and the removal of organs) SOURCE â€Å"What is Human Trafficking? † web 5. CST(child sex tourism)- when men and women travel to have intercourse with children SOURCE (Author's last name and page number where you found the information on – just put web if found online. Put the â€Å"Title† if no author): : Cullen-DuPont 13 6. traders take advantage of women by gaining trust; abroad jobs or boyfriends’ take them on vacation. SOURCE (Author's last name and page number where you found the information on – just put web if found online. Put the â€Å"Title† if no author): Cullen-DuPont 10 7. anchorage man used cocaine, and abuse to obtain his victims to stay as prostitutes SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking: Today’s Slave Trade† web CAUSES (Why does this problem exist? What situations have brought it about? Who or what is responsible? ) 8. Organized crime SOURCE â€Å"What Is the Role of Transnational Organized Crime Groups in Human Trafficking? † web 9. ifferent from smuggling, but like it SOURCE â€Å"How is Human Trafficking Different from Migrant Smuggli ng? † web 10. Trafficking victims are often hidden in plain sight SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web 11. some employers instruct the victim on what to do when the police come SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web 12. guards and cameras to make sure no one escapes SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web 13. victim can’t usually attend social stuff and religious sermons SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web 14. Florida 3rd for human trafficking SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking Bill Clears Legislature† webCAUSES (Why does this problem exist? What situations have brought it about? Who or what is responsible? ) 15. Prosecutions rare; victims are afraid to come forward SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking Bill Clears Legislature† web 16. Human smuggling- illegal entry of a person across a border SOURCE â€Å"Distinctions between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking 2006† web 17. Human smuggling sometimes involved in human trafficking SOURCE â€Å"Distinctions between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking 2006† web 18. gender inequality is used to obtain women SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 25 19.Belgium Germany Greece Israel Italy Japan and Netherlands all very high trafficking places SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 25 20. many men buy their wives SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 25 EFFECTS / NATURE OF THE PROBLEM (DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM ; HOW IT AFFECTS PEOPLE. ) 1. slaveholder has complete control SOURCE (Author's last name and page number where you found the information on – just put web if found online. Put the â€Å"Title† if no author): Cullen- DuPont 7 2. recruiting, transporting or receiving a person by force, coercion or other mean to exploit them SOURCE â€Å"What is Human Trafficking? † web 3.Threat or use of force, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power giving payments to control victim SOURCE â€Å"What is Human Trafficking? † web 4. in Thailand girl went into prostitution to obtain money for her pare nts SOURCE (Author's last name and page number where you found the information on – just put web if found online. Put the â€Å"Title† if no author): Cullen-DuPont 13 5. this effects every country in the world SOURCE â€Å"Which Countries are affected By Human Trafficking? † web 6. Asia has the most problems SOURCE â€Å"Which Countries are affected By Human Trafficking? † web 7. Mostly womenSOURCE â€Å"What Is The Most Commonly Identified Form Of Human Trafficking? † web EFFECTS / NATURE OF THE PROBLEM 8. 1,000,000 people a year 20,000 of them in USA SOURCE â€Å"HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND SLAVERY† web 9. Victims are put into isolation SOURCE â€Å"Distinctions between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking 2006† web 10. sex trafficking- when victim forced prostitution SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web 11. STDs can be spread rapidly SOURCE Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000. 22 USC 7101 12. Asian countries (India Philippines and Thailand) all use child sex tourismSOURCE Cullen-DuPont 13 13. 4 year olds are taken into trafficking SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 13 14. kids kidnapped by strangers. SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 12 EFFECTS / NATURE OF THE PROBLEM 15. kids vulnerable to forced labor SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 21 16. Sexual exploration counts a forced labor SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 20 17. forced labor not categorized as sexual exploration SOURCE Cullen-DuPont 20 18. considered fastest growing criminal industries SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web 19. about 100,000 kids in trafficking each year SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web 20. forced labor in storesSOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking† web SOLUTIONS (How are people helping right now? What theories exist about how to help? What organizations and people are working for this cause? What laws exist to help? ) 1. UNODC(United Nations Drug Control Programme and the Centre for International Crime Prevention) helping US with problem SOURC E: â€Å"What is Human Trafficking? † web 2. UNODC wants to end Human Trafficking SOURCE : â€Å"What is Human Trafficking? † web 3. Number of caught convicts is increasing SOURCE â€Å"Do Many Traffickers Get Caught and Convicted? † web 4. . Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA)SOURCE â€Å" Anti-Trafficking in Persons† web 5. T-Visa created for victims of trafficking in US SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking and Slavery† web 6. 22 USC 7101- defines sever forms of trafficking SOURCE: â€Å"Distinctions between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking 2006† web 7. the declaration of independence states how everyone is worthy SOURCE Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 22USC 7101 SOLUTIONS 8. laws fail to help HT for most are illegal immigrants SOURCE Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 22USC 7101 9. weak penalties of HT in the USSOURCE Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 22USC 7101 10. HT includes violations of many laws of rape SOURCE Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 22USC 7101 11. US agrees that HT is against human rights SOURCE (Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 22USC 7101 12. some countries also hinder penalties against HT SOURCE Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 22USC 7101 13. public service announcements are made to warm people of HT SOURCE â€Å"Prevention â€Å"web 14. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons- February 2009SOURCE â€Å"Prevention â€Å"web SOLUTIONS 15. Community Vigilance project- this is found in many villages to prevent HT SOURCE â€Å"Prevention â€Å"web 16. in 2009 202 convicts were arrested, these numbers are increasing SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking: Putting a Stop to Modern-Day Slavery† web 17. Human Trafficking Initiative in 2005- FBI SOURCE â€Å"Human Trafficking: Putting a Stop to Modern-Day Slavery† web 18. Project t o End Human Trafficking- found 2004 SOURCE â€Å"About Us† web 19 educating the public about HT SOURCE â€Å"Mission Statement† web 20. mental doctor s to help victims SOURCE â€Å"Mission Statement† web

America Movil †The Jaguar’s Next Move

After a deep analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of America Movil, and considering the forces that are currently driving the growth of the wireless telecom market in Latin America and the rest of the world, we have elaborated certain recommendations concerning the company’s future strategic decisions which, in our opinion, should be considered in order to consolidate the corporation’s current position as a global leader in this industry.Regarding the issue of the possible expansion of America Movil into new markets; the analysis shows that the best strategy for the company to follow, considering its current investments, assets and the forecasts for each region, is to focus on the organic growth and to continue strengthening its position in the Latin American market, where the corporation has been able to develop strong brand awareness among the consumers and where the cultural, social and economic aspects of the region represent an advantage against competitors.Reg arding the possibility of a future merge between America Movil and Telmex International, there is no doubt that the synergy that both companies could generate is enormous, nevertheless, due to the basic yet significant differences in these telecom segments, the best option is to keep both companies as separate entities while allowing them to work together by the establishment of joint ventures and strategic alliances in specific projects. Sincerely Yours, Author Organic Growth against Positioning in New MarketsAfter quite a long â€Å"shopping spree† that lasted over seven years, from 2000 to 2007, in which America Movil invested and acquired assets all over Latin America, becoming the largest and most powerful corporation in the region; today the company needs to decide whether to continue its expansion through acquisitions – either in the same region or in different potential markets such as Europe or Asia – or to settle down and focus on getting the most out of its current investments.To determine which of these options brings the most benefits for America Movil, we will analyze several aspects of the company and the environment in which it competes, as well forecasts, opportunities and threats that come with each one of these options. Analysis of America Movil and its current position in the Latin American MarketAmerica Movil currently holds a privileged competitive position in the Latin American Market, with strong presence in 16 different countries that at the same time, share a wide variety of cultural, economical and social aspects. These common characteristics represent an advantage for America Movil against foreign competitors due to the experience and proven success of the company in positioning itself and understanding the dynamics in this region.Some of the countries in which the corporation competes, are currently in an advanced stage of development regarding the wireless market – such as Argentina, Chile, El Salvador and Uruguay, where the wireless percentage of penetration is above 85% of the population – while others represent an attractive opportunity of growth – such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and Puerto Rico – where the percentage of penetration ranges from 41% to 75% of the population.The impact of these percentages can be better appreciated in exhibit 1, where it shows that the total number of potential clients in the region can be assumed to be above 150 million, a number which exceeds the total number of customers currently affiliated with America Movil – 141 million-, especially in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, where the company already has a relatively high percentage of the market share.The total number of potential customers just in these four countries is almost 130 million, 85% of the total number of potential customers. As important as the size of the market available for this corporation, is the distribution of revenue that each one of these countries represents. This distribution can be better appreciated in exhibit 2. What the trend is showing is that the percentage of revenue from Mexico, the most important market for America Movil, is decreasing compared to other countries in which the company operates.From 2004 to 2008 the participation of Mexico has reduced from 54% to 39%, meaning that over half of the revenue of the corporation today comes from its operations in foreign markets, emphasizing their increasing importance relative to the domestic market, which importance has decreased in over 15% while the Brazilian, Caribbean, Andean and Mercosur markets have rose between 4% and 7% each. However, as we can appreciate in exhibit 3, the overall behavior of the Latin American Market shows that it has been in an important phase of growth in the past 4 years, from 2004 to 2008, where revenues have increased over 151%.These numbers together support t he arguments of both, the strong position that America Movil currently has in the Latin American market, and of the success of the company in understanding the dynamics of the Latin American economy and culture; which translate in a competitive advantage over its main competitor in the region, Telefonica, and other European and North American based corporations that have struggled in positioning themselves in the countries where America Movil has established.Current Strategy in Latin America The success factors of America Movil strategy in this region can be summarized in two main categories; the penetration strategy and the positioning strategy. Penetration Strategy The penetration strategy developed by the company has been clear since the beginning; the acquisition of assets in the different Latin American countries for a low price.This strategy has benefited the corporation by providing them with the required infrastructure to operate at a relatively low cost, taking advantage of opportunities generated by the failure of other companies to develop a strong position in the market and taking advantage of the liberalization of the Latin American economies. Examples of these acquisitions are the purchase of BCP from BellSouth Corp. (USA) and Verbier (Brazil) in 2003 for $643 million and American Movil Peru from TIM International (Italy) for $503.4 million. The main reasons for the retreat of these companies from the region were either difficulties at their domestic markets or failed business strategies, two factors that America Movil had under control, with a strong domestic market performance in Mexico and with a profitable business strategy in the region. Positioning Strategy The second factor that drove the success of the corporation in the countries where it penetrated was the positioning strategy.The strategy to obtain a strong position in the markets where it competes was developed considering the economic situation of the majority of the Latin American p opulation, which is relatively weaker and more unstable and than the one in markets such as North America or Europe. With this in mind, America Movil developed a system of pre-paid cards, which to this date, has been the driving force of the company’s growth in the region.The advantage of this model lies in the fact that the corporation discovered that Latin Americans were more likely to become users of wireless communication services if they had the opportunity to pay for the service as they required it; avoiding long term contracts and potentially escalating debts, which, because of the unstable economical situation, could become impossible to pay.The customers were not the only ones beneficiated, since with this model, America Movil became able to considerably reduce collection costs and to avoid invoice defaults that on the long run, could have affected the revenues of the company as well as the number of their clients. There are, however, two main weaknesses in this mode l, the first one lying in the fact that this strategy can be relatively easily copied by its competitors and in the long run, it doesn’t represent a significant competitive advantage over them.The second disadvantage is that the revenues generated by this strategy are lower than the ones obtained by a post-paid model, which mean that its profitability is based on the volume. Nevertheless, this is currently not a problem for the company since over 83% of its customers are using the pre-paid option. Forecasts of the Wireless Market in Latin America As appreciated in exhibit 1, there are currently a huge number of unattended potential customers in the Latin American Market.This can be assumed by noticing that the overall penetration is 66%, with countries such as Argentina with an astonishing 97% penetration percentage while others important markets such as Brazil and Mexico are about 65%, a number that can be largely increased considering the pre-paid strategy used by America M ovil, which simplifies and encourages the use of its service among the population.As seen in exhibit 4, according to the case, the forecast for the year 2012 expects an increase from 66% to 76% in the number of subscribers in the wireless market; this represents an increase of almost 50 million new customers, which, as analyzed earlier, are mostly expected to come from four countries: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, which combined, have a population of unsubscribed potential customers of almost 130 million, while all of the other countries barely reach 22 million.This information can help the company focus their efforts in the markets mentioned before, while maintaining a relatively stable growth in the others, focusing mostly not in attracting new customers but in increasing the profitability of each one of them. Analysis and Forecasts of the Wireless Market in the rest of the world After analyzing the benefits of focusing on the organic growth of the company, it is also importa nt to consider the option of expanding further into new non-natural markets for America Movil.The options available are the Asian, European and the Middle East/Africa and North American Market, where the company currently has a small operation. The main advantage of the Asian market is definitely its size; as the continent with the larger population, over 3,879,000,000 according to the World Atlas’ estimates of 2006, and over 10 times the population in South America; it’s definitely the most attractive market to consider. Nevertheless, there are two main barriers that might decrease the attractiveness of trying to penetrate in this market; the competitors and the enormous cultural differences between Asia and Latin America.The competition in Asia represent a huge threat for newcomers, since is the domestic market of China Mobile, the largest wireless corporation in the world with over $275 billion in revenue and the financial power to overwhelm any new entrant. In addi tion to this, the fact that, as in Latin America, America Movil is familiarized with the economic, social and cultural aspects of the population, China Mobile has a huge advantage and experience with the Asian culture.Europe is also another important market to consider, and the one that America Movil has been closer to penetrate in; however, the same problems arise, with the presence of Vodafone, a British corporation with over $152 Billion in revenue and the advantage of competing in a market in which the company is more familiar with. This in addition to the fact that, as stated in the case, Europe doesn’t seem to be ready to open to competitors from the new world, which mean that America Movil is going to have more trouble penetrating with its acquisitions strategy.Finally, North America doesn’t seem to be an attractive market due to its saturation and low expected growth of only 1. 2% and in the Middle East and Africa America Movil may end up making the same mistak es made by European and North American Corporations in Latin America, which is a weak positioning strategy. These are the reasons why the most feasible strategy is to focus on the organic growth, since the strengths that the company has in Latin America, specially the knowledge of the market, can become weaknesses when trying to expand to new markets where strong competitors already have the advantage of experience and economic power.Merger between America Movil and Telmex International The rapid technological changes in the telecommunications industry and the emergence of new players, combined with the reduction of traditional entry barriers and the rise of alternative service providers are forces that currently represent a huge threat for both America Movil and Telmex International. This is the reason why, taking advantage of being part of Carlos Slim’s Holdings, both companies should be able to establish synergy in the markets where they compete in order to offer a combina tion of services that would be more difficult, if not impossible, to provide by separate.Nevertheless, due to the significant differences in issues such as the infrastructure and strategies required to operate, a merger could not be the best option, however this doesn’t mean that both America Movil and Telmex International are not able to develop joint ventures or strategic alliances while working in specific project that might, in the long-term, increase their profitability, competitiveness and presence in the Latin American Markets.New trends in telecommunications such as the triple play which offers voice, date and video are rapidly acquiring popularity and obtaining an important share of the market, if Telmex International and America Movil can combine these with the wireless service, there is no doubt that they will obtain an important advantage in any of the countries where they establish.Cited Works Rullan, Samantha. America Movil, The Making of a Mexican Global Latina . 2008. INSEAD The Business School for the World America Movil. â€Å"2008 Annual Report. † 2008. 29th April 2010 . World Atlas. Continents of the World. 2006. 29th April 2010 .

An alien species Essay Example for Free

An alien species Essay An alien species (also known as ‘exotic or nuisance species’) is the entry of any species into the ecology of which in the past it was not a part of. This species can travel to the new ecosystem from a neighboring ecosystem or from another part of the world. An alien species can cause damage or harm to animal, plant and human life thus completely disrupting the ecosystem. Two of the alien species that have seriously affected the other inhabitants of the ecosystem in the US and the other parts of North America include the Green crab and the zebra mussel. In the home ecosystem, an alien species may not be able to thrive well due to the presence of certain factors such as diseases, presence competitors, lack of space, natural enemies, etc. However in the new ecosystem, the alien species is able to thrive uncontrollable due to the absence or restrictive factors. In the past, many alien species have been introduced into various environments. Some have entered due to human factors, whereas other may have entered due to certain natural factors. Some species may have benefited the environment, which they are entered, whereas other may have seriously destroyed the native population. Invasion by alien species can have both, economic and environmental implications. The Zebra mussel is originally from the Caspian Sea and the Green crab is from Eastern Seaboard. These are classic examples of ‘Aquatic Nuisance Species’ (ANS) (ACS, 2007, MDNR, 2006 & NOAA, 2007). The Zebra mussels were identified in the Great Lakes and later spread to the other parts of North America via the major rivers and waterways. They may have spread into the US from ships that have traveled through the freshwaters of Europe. They compete for plankton in the waters and in this way seriously jeopardize the food chain. They also damage parts of boats and ships. The Green crabs had spread into the San Francisco Bay region and later through California and Oregon States. They have a strong appetite for food in their territories and in this way deprive other organisms of food. The native crabs of US have seriously suffered from the invasion of the Green crab into their home territory (ACS, 2007, MDNR, 2006 & NOAA, 2007). An alien species. (2017, Feb 19).

Knowledge, Innovation, and Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Knowledge, Innovation, and Learning - Essay Example The aim of our project was to highlight how 3M is capable of sharing knowledge across social networks, as well as sharing it within social networks to create new innovations. As a participant in this process, I gained experiences researching and understanding complex business resource issues as well as investigating and rating how one company implements these ideas. Our process was mainly twofold. First, we conducted a literature review. We investigated knowledge management, innovation as a competitive advantage, types of data, information and knowledge as well as how the cycle of knowledge works. Next, we analyzed how 3M applies these principals to the business world and made certain recommendations. As well as our project went, there is still room for improvement. There were pros and cons to the process, however. They are expressed as strong and weak points of the process, positive and negative experiences as well as positive and negative feelings. The process was strong in that we all had great ideas to proffer to our project, but weak in that we had a difficult time discerning which ideas to implement. Furthermore, the positive experience was that we were able to bring it all together in the end. The negative experience was that often times some of the group was hearing the other members but not really listening to them. His elicited some negative feelings along the way. When waves off the opinions of others as unimportant, it creates feelings of opposition instead of cooperation. In the end,  however,  the completion of our project made everyone feel accomplished. These are some of the dualistic challenges one meets while working with others.

Christianity--Gospels vs. Old testament Annotated Bibliography

Christianity--Gospels vs. Old testament - Annotated Bibliography Example er, the Bible, which discusses God’s creation of time from around 6,000 years ago from the earlier Testaments to the New Testament is a book that this religion looks to as a text about descendants from Adam on down to Jesus, yet given the denomination each version of the Bible has been translated to their belief of how Christianity and religion works and of what people should believe. The Agape Bible Study web site is a very complex set of occurrences from the Bible where they look at the scriptures and additional resources of Catholics and their own type of Bible Study and how scriptures are stated to read a message in which no two people will look at exactly in the same way. Agape and the Catholic Christians who put this site together created Bible Study, Charts, Maps, quality pieces of writing, contact information and additional links to where people can learn more about their denomination and the importance of the scriptures in the Bible pointing out a statement from St. J erome that â€Å"To be ignorant of Scripture is to be ignorant of Christ.† (Agape Catholic Bible Study). Dennis Hinks posts a very well-described online journal article found at Journal33.org for people to learn the true meaning behind the whole idea of being a Christian and how the Bible is God’s Holy Word that this religion does follow as well as what this religion does and does not recognize, how scripture is one of the biggest parts of learning about this sacred belief, and an abundance of scriptures and how the New Testament is a revision of Christians standpoint today versus a couple thousand years ago before, during, and after the time of God’s only Son, Jesus. While this piece focuses more how Christians should live their lives, it is stating some factual information about being a believer in this creed regardless of the denomination. Christianity, being a 2,000 year old religion revolves around the belief that God, also known as the Lord, is the Creator to these believers and

Make up assignemt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Make up assignemt - Essay Example Jefferson’s choice of the particular words used in the declaration was to express a shared understanding of â€Å"the American mind. â€Å"He showed what amounted to a collective political creed by stating that certain propositions were â€Å"self-evident† truths. The Declaration of Independence states that among the â€Å"truths† that Americans hold to be â€Å"self-evident† is â€Å"all Men are created equally.† (Jefferson,1). This statement related to all people regardless of their gender, occupation or color. It means that we are either created equally by birth or naturally political equals; therefore, no one is by birth a subject of a ruler or is automatically the ruler of others. Political equality thus does not define human equality. We are all created moral equals, and we are of equal value and worth in the eyes of the creator. Jefferson stated, â€Å"†¦all Men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights...† (Jefferson,1). This statement provides evidence that the declaration was a precursor to the bill of rights. Inalienable rights are those that cannot be given up even if there was an alternative to it. According to the concept of inalienable rights section in the Declaration of Independence liberty, life and pursuit of happiness is a right. The existence of unalienable rights does not mean that a person cannot be subjected to attacks, false imprisonments and other forms of oppression. Unalienable rights mean that such rights are not morally justifiable, and therefore we have a ground for moral

Economic Growth and Unemployment Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economic Growth and Unemployment - Dissertation Example 2.1 Theories of Economic Growth in UK For several years, economists have debated on the drivers of economic growth of a country. In this section of the research proposal, certain ideas of economists will be reviewed to present a concrete idea about the driving factors. According to articles released by Tutor2u (2010), the best definition for economic growth would be to determine it as a â€Å"long term expansion of the productive potential of the economy†. The theory suggests that for measuring the economic growth trend, at least data of past 20 years is required. This is essential for calculating the average rate of growth and identifying different cycles of economic growth. This trend calculation also allows for estimating the future rate of growth sustainability without creating any increase in the pressure of inflation (Tutor2u, 2010). The chart above demonstrates the potential level of national income for the UK economy over the last 30 years. The trend shows that the UK’s national income is expected to rise every year except certain uncertainties. Another essential factor of the chart is the long run average potential for growth. 2.2 Theories Related to the Economic Growth and Employment in UK The focus of the literature review is to measure the relationship between the rate of growth and level of employment in the UK economy. Data released by Department for Business Innovation and Skills (2010) shows the co-movement of UK’s GDP and employment since the last 30 years.

History and Political Science Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History and Political Science - Coursework Example Both a stop and an arrest are considered â€Å"seizures regulated by the Fourth Amendment† and â€Å"must be justified by reasonable suspicion of criminal activity on the part of the detainee† before they can be enacted (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 233). Furthermore, the intensity and scope of a seizure determines the transformation of a stop to an arrest (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 233). A stop is considered a temporary detention, while an arrest is more of a long-term detention. ... On the contrary, Terry recognized that it may be the essence of good police work to adopt an immediate response. (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 235) A reasonable suspicion for a stop or a probable cause for an arrest depends on the â€Å"totality of the circumstances† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 235). While â€Å"an anonymous tip, with nothing else, has been held to lack sufficient reliability to establish the reasonable suspicion for a...stop† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 235), other circumstances, such as â€Å"flight from police† may be a â€Å"relevant factor overall† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 235). This should be held in view of â€Å"the totality of the circumstances† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 235). One good example given is when a person suddenly fled at the sight of the police in a high-criminal area. While it may automatically indicate any wrongdoing of the part of the person who fled, the overall circumstances provide the police reasonable suspicion . When evidences are found on the person, then there will be a probable cause for an arrest (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 236-7). How much force can be used by an officer when executing an arrest? How is it determined? => During seizures such as an arrest or a stop, â€Å"Terry allows officers to take all necessary steps to protect themselves if the circumstances reasonably warrant such measures† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 238). If the situation requires such actions, the police officer may 1) â€Å"draw their weapons,† 2) â€Å"have a reasonable number of backup officers,† and; 3) â€Å"handcuff individuals or place them in the back of a squad car† (Harr, Hess, and Orthmann 238). However, sometimes, even just a â€Å"frisk [is enough] protective action† during seizures (Harr, Hess, and

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 11

Research paper - Essay Example It is strongly believed that by taking into consideration various arguments along with counterarguments based on the aforesaid sentiments, the role of obligations in the context of fighting against evil and the potentiality of the intellectuals towards governing a specific society can be ascertained. Philip Zimbardo, the lecturer in the audio file i.e. â€Å"Journey from the Psychology of Evil to the Psychology of Heroism† provided knowledge about psychological effect on the mind and behaviour of people. The lecturer signified that there are different factors that are accountable for transforming human behaviour and character. Moreover, the transformation in the character is observed due to social influence, situational act, personal attributes or morality, compassion or sense of justice. The factors are identified to adversely affect the psychological stability of human mind based on which good people are engaged in performing evil actions affecting a society as a whole. The lecturer also added that evil behaviour is exercising power to damage, harm or obliterate psychological or physical well-being of others (Korstanje, 2013; Zimbardo, 2007). Correspondingly, the essay intends to analyse sentiment to fight evil. The discussion will identify the suitability of intellectuals about their fitness in governing a society. Additionally, argument and counterargument provided with the aim of determining the appropriateness of the arguments relating to good or evil actions performed. In general, most of the people recognizes that evil is a quality, which is inherent or developed by some of the people and not by all human beings. Evil behaviour is developed by an external force and bad seeds, which enforce an individual to perform evil actions. In contrast, spiritual power grounds evil either directly in the appearance of possession or indirectly as a spiritual oppression.

Conversion and Adaptation of Buildings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conversion and Adaptation of Buildings - Essay Example After its construction, it existed under the Brentwood District Council (BDC). Major renovations and reconstructions had since taken place on the building including the construction of an additional single storey canted bay that was built to the left of the building’s front door. On its eastern side, there was a separate long six window bay unit that also had incorporated the timber-framing of the 16th century that it got enjoined with. The building, like the other Georgian buildings in the area, was formerly used as part of the Brentwood School. From 1973, it has been used as an Arts and Community Centre that is run by Brentwood Council, and as such has been very busy and well utilized (KITCHING, 2007, pg 104). The Old House has however undergone a number of degradation over the years; the flowerbed by the front door for instance looks like it needs better edging and particular attention from its owners. Other areas of concern include its rear elevation, the curtilage, and its general setting that has been severely derogated by legal changes and a supposed lack of appropriate landscaping. A careful analysis of the structure reveals that some of the signs that are attached to it and the presence of the free standing board in its front needs to be improved on to depict a building of the current century. The quality of the internal floors is also in a questionable state and in order to convert the building’s purpose, these have to be substantially worked on KITCHING 2007, pg 137). In the conversion of the Old House to multi use, for restaurant and residential purposes on its top floor, a lot of factors have to be taken into account. The restaurant and the residential purpose would help serve the commercial and the residential schemes of the public respectively. When doing any reconstruction or putting up new structures, particularly in such conservation areas, it is a

Fasibility on Generic Pharmacy Essay Example for Free

Fasibility on Generic Pharmacy Essay INTRODUCTION According to http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy DRUGSTORE is a common American term for a type of store centrally featuring a pharmacy. Drugstores sell not only branded and generic medicines, but also miscellaneous items such as candy, cosmetics, and magazines, as well as light refreshments. During the height of the war on drugs, many stores removed the term Drugstore from their signage and replaced it with the more politically correct term Pharmacy. A PHARMACY is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs. The scope of pharmacy practice includes more traditional roles such as compounding and dispensing medications, and it also includes more modern services related to health care, including clinical services, reviewing medications for safety and efficacy, and providing drug information. From http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugstore A GENERIC DRUG is a drug defined as a drug product that is comparable to brand/reference listed drug product in dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality and performance characteristics, and intended use. It has also been defined as a term referring to any drug marketed under its chemical name without advertising. Although they may not be associated with a particular company, generic drugs are subject to the regulations of the governments of countries where they are dispensed. Generic drugs are labeled with the name of the manufacturer and the adopted name (non-proprietary name) of the drug. A generic drug must contain the same active ingredients as the original formulation. http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Drug BRAND-NAME DRUG a drug that has a trade name and is protected by a patent (can be produced and sold only by the company holding the patent). http://audioenglish.net/dictionary/brand-name_drug A DRUG is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating, performance enhancing or other effects when taken or put into a human body or the body of another animal and is not considered a food or exclusively a food. http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug In addition to being operated as a private business and selling affordable medicines, our pharmacy are also catering free services such as free medical consultations and check-ups. We are willing to help our fellow Filipinos by giving discount in their medicines especially in terms of calamities like those people who is flood victims and typhoon, our pharmacy is willing also to give substantial discounts to those who would like to buy medicines for donation purposes. In recent years, people demanded for cheaper medicines because of the change in the quality of living. At the same time the generic medicines industry is growing through the years and there are provisions that supports the selling of generic drugs in the Philippines which is R.A. #6675 which is an act to promote, require and ensure the production of an adequate supply, distribution, use and acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by their generic names. Our business proposal is a generic pharmacy. 1.1 COMPANY DESCRIPTION The proponents, Ms Asio, Charis Ann, Ms. David Divine Grace, Ms. Garay, Rosalie, Ms. Llanza, Buengie, Ms. Manto, Noreen and Mr. Montallana, Reynaldo will manage and supervise the entire operation of the Medicure Generic Pharmacy, an unlimited liability company. The proponents combined efforts in the creation of Medicure Generic Pharmacy have serve to come up with detailed plan that encompass the important elements required to succeed in today’s competitive pharmacy environment. In closing, we feel the business plan for Medicure Generic Pharmacy represents a realistic expectation of success for all parties involved. Moreover, we will be providing a benefit to the community by providing a great product and secure jobs to community residents. LOCATION The proponents decided to place the pharmacy in the corner of Jalleville Subdivision along Quirino Avenue San Dionisio Paranaque City based upon the facts that all potential pharmacy locations is far from the Our Lady of Peace Hospital. Our propose location are located in closest to hospital and also it is in the corner which many Barangay’s are located. It is also along in the Quirino Avenue which is most of the passengers and car owners from Las Pinas, Pasay and Paranaque City are pointing this road. CAPITALIZATION Establishing a Generic Pharmacy apparently needs capitalization. In approximation, the proposed business will cost P 1,390,000.00. The 65% of capital will be funded by the proponents and the remaining 35% are loan from the bank. Charis Ann AsioDavid Divine Grace| Php 150,583.33 150,583.33| Garay Rosalie| 150,583.33| Llanza Buengie| 150,583.33| Manto Noreen| 150,583.33| Montallana Reynaldo| 150,583.33| Capital ContributionBank LoanTotal Capital Investment| 903,500.00 486,500.00 Php 1,390,000.00| START-UP SUMMARY The Medicure Generic Pharmacy will incur the following needed start-up cost. * Office Furniture’s and Fixtures * Chairs * File cabinets * Desks * Machineries and Equipments * Computer server with a laser printer, and a back up system, installed with software; Microsoft Office, QuickBooks pro, drug interaction software, Physician Desk, Reference Software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customers * Two front counter, storage bins, cash registers * Refrigerators * Air-condition * Store Supplies * Envelopes * Ribbons * Bond papers * Ball pens * Tape * Staples and stapler * Trays * Plastic bags etc. * Store front build out * Signage * Logos * Paints etc. * Lease * Star-up inventory * Generic medicines * Miscellaneous items * Working capital * Contingency fund * Legal fees * * BIR * SEC * MAYORS PERMIT * BUSINESS PERMIT * MERALCO * NAWASA BREAKDOWN OF START-UP COST Office furniture’s fixtures Php 160,000.00 Machineries Equipments160,000.00 Store Supplies 50,000.00 Store Build Out200,000.00 Start-Up Inventory450,000.00 Legal Fees 70,000.00 - Working Capital300,000.00 Total Capital RequirementPhp1, 390,000.00 VICINITY MAP Medicure Generic Pharmacy 1.2 BUSINESS CONCEPT MISSION †¢ To offer the widest range of quality affordable generic medicines putting customer satisfaction above all by serving our clients’ needs efficiently, effectively, providing friendly and professional counseling. †¢ To recognize the importance of our employees in achieving our aspirations, and to keep them highly motivated based on the principles of fair compensation, meritocracy and respect. †¢ To educate the public about quality generic medicines and to provide various community services to fulfill our social responsibilities to our countrymen. VISION THE MEDICURE GENERIC PHARMACY aims to be the leading national chain of drugstores offering quality and affordable generic medicines with superior customer service that will satisfy the customers need. VALUES * Integrity We will commit to truth and honesty in what we say and do, and practice high standards of fairness and ethics at work and in our relationships. * Customer Satisfaction We will serve and interact with our internal and external customers as best as we can, in a professional and friendly manner. We constantly look for innovative products and services that will answer their needs. * Excellence We will aim high in everything we do and continuously seek to improve our level of performance. * Team work We will communicate and cooperate with one another, working together in an harmonious way to achieve the company’s goals. * Respect for the Individual We will show respect, appreciation and concern for every person. We engage in positive relationships based on mutual trust. * Social Purpose We will do believe that it is our responsibility to help the community and our countrymen. We recognize that the nature of our business, especially the corporate focus on quality affordable generic medicines, gives us a unique opportunity to make a very positive contribution to the health of the communities that we serve. TAGLINE Mabisang Gamot at Serbisyong Maaasahan GOAL The Medicure Generic Pharmacy long term goal is to become the number 1 generic drugstore in the Philippines offering a very effective and efficient customer service and having a strong sense of social purpose. HISTORY The proponents come up with an idea of putting up a Generic Pharmacy catering to customers when some of the proponents made a research in one of our major subjects which was Marketing Research. The research was entitled The Perception of the Consumer on the Effectiveness of Generic Medicines in a selected Barangay in Paranaque City. This completes its essence of the outcome of the research and will serve as a basis for future studies on business. We also agreed to come up with a business that was related to our research as mentioned which is a Generic Pharmacy. Since we already have the idea that this kind of business will have a chance in the market due to the needs of the consumers of affordable quality medicines. Since we are Business Administration students major in Marketing Management we are applying all what we have learned. The propose name of our business would be Medicure Generic Pharmacy. â€Å"Medi† is a short word of medicine and â€Å"Cure† means recovery or relief from a disease. We decided to have this catchy for an easy retention to our clients or customers. VENTURE DESCRIPTION The proposed establishment is a generic pharmacy named Medicure Generic Pharmacy. We will be able to sell generic drug prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies and effective operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market or with over the counter and prescribed medication to our customer. Aside from catering generic medicines, we will be able to sell miscellaneous items such as cosmetics, tissues, toothbrush, candy, magazines, as well as light refreshment and etc. We believe that providing over†the†counter (OTC) medications that compliment prescription and miscellaneous items can create a â€Å"one†stop†shop† for the customer. For employees, a more comprehensive line of front†end and over the counter items that consist of items that may be needed during the work day such as tissues, toothbrush can create an added customer convenience. In both instances, providing non†prescription items can eliminate the need for the customer to travel to other settings that offer prescription services. When considering non†prescription items for product placement, durable medical equipment (DME) should also be considered for resell. By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable, repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication. Our pharmacy will operate from one store that will serve walk-in customers or those persons visited personally and buying over the counter. We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel, which, along with our great prices, will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon. We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket, the pharmacy will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience. Concept Description and Statement The Medicure Generic Pharmacy is a business venture that sells generic medicine to customers prescribed medication. We sell also miscellaneous items such as candies, cosmetics, toiletries, baby care products and medical or surgical products to customers for a one-stop-shop experience. We believe that in selling other merchandise assortments except for a generic medicine will serve convenience to our target customer. Our propose location is in the corner of Jalleville Subdivision along Quirino Avenue San Dionisio Paranaque City with a lot area of 25m long and 20m wide. It consists of two (2) POS, shelves, waiting area with seats, parking lot, fire extinguisher in case of emergency and a room for employees with one (1) comfort room. We put three (3) computers with systems including the price per quantity item. This will help the customer to canvass the price for their prescribe medication and other items by asking a pharmacist. We put a storage area where we can store our new delivered products. The pharmacy is fully air conditioned to maintain the quality of our products especially medicines. We hire people to man the pharmacy in a day to day operation. It consists of a one (1) General Manager, Supervisor, Registered Pharmacist, and three (3) Pharmacy Assistant. The Medicure Generic Pharmacy anticipates serving continuously from seven (8) o’clock in the morning up to nine (9) in the evening everyday from Mondays to Sundays. The expected table of operation are as follows.

Hershey Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Hershey Chocolate Essay When many people around the world think about chocolate they think about the most popular producer of sweets, Hershey’s Chocolate. The company began in early 1894 by a persistent man named Milton Hershey (Hinkle). Milton Hershey was born in Derry Church, PA on September 13, 1857. As a child Hershey and his parents, Henry Hershey and Fannie Hershey, relocated many time. Hershey went to seven schools within eight years and by the fourth grade he was taken out to work with a printer as an apprentice. In 1872 Hershey left the printers shop to work in a confectioners shop near Lancaster, PA. Not long after Hershey discovered an interest in candy making and selling. Four years later he opened a candy shop, but unfortunately competition got the better of his shop and closed in 1882. Hershey then moved to Denver, Colorado to work for a manufacturer of caramel. There he learned that good fresh milk can make candy taste better and sell better. Finally in 1894, Milton Hershey started the Hershey’s Chocolate Company (Hinkle). Hershey’s Chocolate first sold â€Å"caramels with chocolate coatings, along with breakfast cocoa, sweet chocolate, baking chocolate, and novelty chocolate candies† (Hinkle). In 1900 Hershey’s start manufacturing the first original Hershey’s Milk Chocolate bars, started construction on a factory in his home town of Derry Church, Pennsylvania, and because of the dairy farms producing milk rapidly, Hershey did the same (Hinkle). Selling his chocolate for 5 cents a bar, Hershey became wealthy very quick (Lancto). Hershey’s also released there Chocolate kisses, Almond chocolate, and Mr. Good bars (Hinkle). Milton Hershey believed that the money he had made with his chocolate should be used to help others instead of keeping it to himself (Lancto). Hershey started making the town of Derry Church, where his factory was located, more exciting and enjoyable (Lancto). He gave low cost housing for his workers, built fire stations, schools, churches, gold courses, and even a zoo (Lancto)! In 1910, Hershey created a school and establishment for less fortunate, orphaned boys. The school was taught the youth important stills for life and for success. Milton’s reason is so children wouldn’t have the life style he had, always moving and not having a proper education. The school property eventually grew big with every student that attended, including girls, from 500 acres to 2,500 acres by 1976 (Lancto). By the year 1937, the U. S. government had an idea of a chocolate bar that could with stand temperatures of 120 degrees and packed with energy for American troop who were out in the field and so Hershey’s decided to make it happen (Lancto). Rations D bars were then mass produced and sent to over 100,000 troops a day (Lancto). â€Å"For four years, Hersheys Ration D bars were produced around the clock, seven days a week, for a total of one billion rations† (Lancto). Milton Hershey died while sleeping on October 13, 1945, shortly after retiring (Adams). Today, Hershey’s Chocolate Company is still manufacturing chocolate sweets making billions of dollars a year, selling Hershey’s milk chocolate bars, MM’s, Reese’s Peanut butter cups, Hershey kisses, and many verities of products created over the years, using different commercials for each product, like the talking MM’s or how Charlie Armstrong dominoed his Reese’s so he would catch and eat one in the end. Hershey’s Chocolate is everyone’s favorite chocolate, so don’t expect it to disappear so quickly. Work Cited Hinkle, Samuel, Hershey, 1964; Shippen, Katherine B. , and Paul A. W. Wallace, Biography of Milton S. Hershey, 1959; Snavely, Joseph, An Intimate Story of Milton S. Hershey,1957. Lancto, Craig. Milton Hershey: Americas chocolatier. World I. 01 May. 2003: 269. eLibrary. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Adams, Susan. Sugar Daddy. Forbes Magazine. 09 Jan. 2006: 141. eLibrary. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Advantages and Disadvantages

Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Advantages and Disadvantages Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act and describe how an IT department can meet the challenge of implementing SOX compliance Over the past ten years we have been exposed to a series of financial scandals. The effect has been catastrophic and society has required regulation to restrain corruption. In 2002, the USA senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Mike Oxley sponsored the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act. It is generally called the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act and was put in place in order to regulate the accountability of financial reports and prevent risks occurrence However, the deployment of SOX compliance costs a lot of money, resources and efforts. It not only affects the finance department, but also the information technology (IT) department. The risk prevention and cost concern of SOX Act will be described in the first paragraph; the pros and cons of process control, documentation and responsibility will be discussed in the next; the strengths and drawbacks of security control will be indicated after that; then the challenge of an IT department for SOX compliance will be examined. Finally, a case study on the Enron scandal will be introduced. This essay will help prove that the SOX system is worth the price despite certain drawbacks and discuss how an IT department meets the compliance. It is worth preventing potential risks by effectively performing the SOX regulation in spite of extra costs and workload. To begin with, SOX Act provides a guideline of internal control for financial statement to prevent any potential risk, all the financial events and accounting activities will be managing by this mechanism. Thus, the financial statements would be more accurate and reliable (Anand 2006: 2). In addition, through regular internal and external auditing to ensure there has no unscrupulous behaviors in the financial operations. Consequently, the potential risks can be minimized and unethical behaviors can be prevented and deterred. However, the finance and IT departments must budget the expenditure of SOX implementation at the beginning and also need to pay external accounting firms for regular examinations every year. The estimation of its cost was around USD 91,000 with an extra 383 man hours in 2003, and the cost is still increasing every year (Jahmani and Dowling 200 8: 59). Staffs have an increased workload by collaborate with consultants for the auditing. Those employees not only have to document routine activities, but also need to prepare a lot of evidences for auditors investigation. Although employees may suffer through these additional tasks, some unexpected benefits will be gained from them as well. The transparency of documentation gives a company more integrity even though some process changes are required. The standard operating procedure (SOP) of each department must be documented, especially for those operations involve to financial activities and SOX compliance. Namely, the internal or external auditors will investigate any potential risk of process control according to the documentation. It is thought that the establishment of SOP and documentation would be an advantage to companies, because it demonstrates the system of a company and employees are easy to follow, and it also improves the effectiveness and efficiency of business process. In addition, the segregation of duties is also a critical control point to the SOX compliance for the risk prevention (Anand 2006: 53). Employees are required to request accounts to the system administrator according to their responsibility, and other colleagues are disallowed to process information systems through other peoples system ac counts. Thus, every single detail is filed into the information system with regular backup solutions. It provides the traceability for auditors investigating any suspected issues. Conversely, companies may need to change business process flow and modify related system flow in order to align with SOX Act guideline. They must pay extra costs of business process re-engineering and IT staffs must enhance information system to meet those requirements as well. The regulation of security control will avoid inappropriate behaviors happening although employees may feel frustration. The IT department performs a very important role to assist and reduce the effort of manual jobs. However, they usually have more authorities in system to support user needs. For this reason, IT members are also divided into different roles, and those roles are usually separately assigned into server, database, security and application systems. Every change and modification must be approved and documented into the system. Moreover, those changes must be regularly reviewed by the management team in the change management meeting (Sentt and Gallegos 2009: 408). Thus, it will be more safety and the risk of system change can be diminished. In sum, employees have clear understanding of their roles and their performance can be easily traced from the information system. Potential risks can be also minimized by the restriction of system design and security control. Despite t his benefit, more staffs may need to be hired to prevent the conflicts of job duties, because employees cannot validate the rule of segregation of duties. Finally, owing to those complicated restrictions of SOX compliance regulation, employees may feel frustrate of against rules. They may prefer focusing on their routine tasks rather than extending their capability to involve another area because of risks taken. IT department often plays an important role of implementing SOX compliance for the information system perspective. There are some approaches suggested for an IT department to cope with the challenge of SOX compliance. To begin with, a sophisticated information system is fundamental in implementing SOX compliance. The Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system automatically calculates financial reports and its operations usually can meet Sarbanes-Oxley Act requirements (Pathak 2005: 72). Next, the system change and program version control are also mandated. Therefore, the introduction of a change management system would be helpful for executing these changes. In addition, cross check of those changes would help companies prevent any unexpected disaster as well as some frauds in purpose. Furthermore, system logs, backup solutions and security controls are also critical for an IT department meeting the criteria of SOX implementation. Ultimately, documentation is a basic element for the s uccess of SOX compliance implementation. Therefore, system manuals, user manuals, transaction logs, security control sheets, schedule jobs and change request logs must be archived and categorized in the file system. In short, as long as IT department follows above guidelines, then it will not be difficult to meet the challenge of implementing the SOX compliance. Let us now look at the Enron scandal, a crucial example not least because of its impact on the USA government and society. The aftershocks were felt globally. Enron was an energy company which supplied electricity and gas in the USA. This company was also providing bandwidth service, paper and metal commodities. However, those investments seemed not successful and profitable. Enron therefore had created a lot of overseas special purpose entities for hiding Enrons losses on their financial reports, and it had also created the illusion of profitability which was actually losing money. Besides, Enrons audit firm Arthur Andersen had a long term relationship and it assisted Enron to hide losses by destroying related documents. Eventually, their conspiracy was exposed to society due to revelation of a huge amount of undisclosed losses USD 586 million. The stock price had a dramatic fall from approximately USD 90 dollars to 30 cents. Finally, Enron was filed bankruptcy in 2002 (Welytok 200 6: 26). People should learn the harmful from this incident, particularly the US government and the entire corporate must prevent such kind of scandal occurring again. Therefore, the implementation of SOX Act would be a good approach to curb corruption. The evidence shows that implementing and sustaining SOX compliance could minimize fraud or crime risk up to 95 per cent of a company, if that company performs it appropriately and effectively(Anand 2006: 196). It demonstrates the significance and effectiveness of SOX compliance. In conclusion, there are several advantages and disadvantages for implementing SOX compliance in companies. First, financial reports would be more transparent and reliable through auditing controls, and potential risks will be reduced. Next, both companies and employees will benefit from the creation of documentation. Because it meets SOX compliance and helps employees understand the business processes. After that, it is more safety for the restrictions of system account and authority, and those possible swindles would be minimized. Conversely, there are some disadvantages of SOX compliance to companies. First, SOX compliance implementation will cost a lot of expense, and companies have to budget for SOX auditing every year. In addition, the processes change of a company is inevitable to conform to the guideline. Furthermore, employees may lose their enthusiasm for job due to the limitations of SOX Act, employees would become frustrated of involving the other areas. Finally, some str ategies are advisable for IT department implementing the SOX compliance. For instance, a sophisticated ERP system can be easier to adapt the change of SOX compliance implementation; change management and version control must be under controlled; preparing all documentations as possible as you can. Above all are basic elements for the success of SOX compliance implementation. Reference list: Anand, S. (2006) Sarbanes-Oxley guide for finance and information technology professionals. New Jersey: John Wiley Jahmani, Y. and Dowling, W. (2008) The impact of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Cluteinstitute-Onlinejournal [online] 6(10), 57-66. Available from [26 August 2010] Pathak, J. (2005) Information Technology Auditing An Evolving Agenda. New York: Springer Sentt,S. and Gallegos, F. (2009) Information technology control and audit(3dn). Florida: Taylor Francis Welytok, G. (2006) Sarbanes-Oxley For Dummies. Indiana: Wiley

African Elephant :: essays papers

African Elephant The common name is the African Elephant, the scientific name is Loxodonta Africana, the phylum is Vertebrata, the class is Mammalia, the order is Proboscidea, and the family is Elephantidae. The Closest Relatives to the African Elephant are: the Asian Elephant, mammoths, primitive proboscidean (mastodons), sea cows, and hyraxes. Scientists believe that the African Elephant evolved from one of its closest relatives, the Sea Cow. The geographical location and range of the African elephant covers all of central and southern Africa. In Ethiopia there are isolated populations that exist around Lake Chad in Mali and Mauritania. Also in Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Zaire, and in National parks located in South Africa, as well as several other countries. African Elephants, originally, were found in all of the Sub-Saharan African habitats except desert steppes. Elephants still occupy diverse habitats such as: temperate grassland, tropical savanna and grass lands, temperate fores t and rainforest, tropical rainforest, tropical scrub forest, and tropical deciduous forest despite their drastic decline in numbers. However, their migratory patterns and habitat use have changed, due to the fact that they are restricted to protected areas. The elephant can exist in many types of environments but it prefers places that have many trees and bushes, which the elephant needs both for food and shade. They also like warm areas that have plenty of rainfall. This ensures plenty of food, shade, and water. The elephant prefers a habitat of mixed woodland and grassland which gives them an opportunity to eat a variety of vegetation. African Elephants are considered herbivores, they are both browsers and grazers; they will eat rough sticks, stems and leaves of plants as well as grasses, sedges, and fruit. Their favorites are mangoes, berries and coconuts. An elephant eats up to 500 pounds of vegetation every day and drinks up to 50 gallons of water daily. Elephants must consume these giant quantities of food, due to their poor digestive system. The small intestine is 82 feet long, the large intestine 21 feet long, and the rectum adds a further 13 feet. The problem with the digestive tract lies in their gut; elephants have too few symbiotic bacteria. These are the organisms which help break down the cellulose of plant cell walls by producing enzymes called cellulases. The most remarkable feature of the elephant’s digestive system is its 5 feet long appendix, bigger than the stomach.

Phrenology Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Phrenology Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is primarily a novel about a man’s trip to the African Congo and the horrors he encounters while there. However Conrad’s novel is also a story of its time and therefore makes mention of the theories held when it was written. Included in these ideas is that of phrenology and its relatives, mentioned clearly when the doctor examining Marlow asks, â€Å"[may I] measure your head?† and the doctor then produces â€Å"a thing like calipers and [gets] the dimensions back and front and every way...† (p. 13). The following will provide a description of Phrenology and its implications. A pseudo-science developed by Austrian physician Franz Joseph Gall in the early 1800s, Phrenology is in its most basic form the study of the morphology of the human skull and its relation to human character. Gall’s â€Å"doctrine of Phrenology† (www.134.184.33.110/phreno/) is based upon five key principles, which were first presented in his work The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General, and of the Brain in Particular. First, it is understood that man’s â€Å"moral and intellectual faculties† are innate† (Sabattini, R) and that their expression depends on how the brain is organized. Secondly, he proposed that the brain is the organ responsible for all inclinations, emotions and abilities. Thirdly he stated that the brain is composed of many different â€Å"organs† (Sabattini, R.) with each one being responsible for a certain human function. He also proposed that the size of these â€Å"organs† is directly related to th e amount of their presence and use in specific pers! ons. And finally, he suggested that the external morphology of the skull directly expresses the internal structure of the brain and that the â€Å"relative ... ... While Gall was incorrect in theorizing that the external skull reflects the personality and tendencies of an individual, he was surprisingly correct and in fact pioneered the idea that specific human functions and emotions are related to specific regions of the brain. His way of coming to this conclusion was scientifically incorrect but the implications of this idea helped modern science discover the idea of cerebral localization that is present today. Sources http://pages.britishlibrary.net/phrenology A comprehensive site which includes phrenology charts, photographs of key figures in the development of phrenology as well as a thorough overview of the science. www.epub.org.br/cm/n01/frenolog/frenologia.com A site designed by Dr. Renato M.E. Sabatini which gives a basic overview of the science and provides wonderful links to other sites on phrenology.

Physics of Fireworks Essay -- physics firework fireworks

After black powder was discovered by the Chinese in the 9th Century, the relatively short history of fireworks began with this explosive chemical composition. Black powder is made up of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal (KNO3); in the correct amounts, this combination has very explosive results. The use of black powder sprung forth the evolution of muskets, rockets, and fireworks. Although history has shown that the development of black powder muskets into modern day guns, artillery, and weapons of mass destruction have changed the face of the earth, taken many lives, and changed the outcome of many wars, black powder is also used in many rituals and celebrations. While traveling the globe, Marco Polo, fascinated by this black powder, brought it back to the West were it soon caught on. In Rome, King Charles V used fireworks to celebrate a victory. The fireworks were developed and made by his â€Å"fire workers† who made leaps and bounds with the projectiles and rocket shape of the fireworks. These elaborate demonstrations of fire soon spread through Europe and pleased many spectators of the King and Queens Court. In the middle ages, Italy and Germany took their displays to another level, incorporating different colors and effects. In Italy, the firework displays were used to accentuation buildings and structures, while in Germany, the focus was more on the fireworks themselves. The name "green men" was coined on account of the people who would cover themselves in leaves to protect their body from sparks and ashes as they launched fireworks from their hands. As music grew and became a large part of society, the incorporation of music and firework displays became inseparable. The most infamous of all fireworks displays, f... ...ich ended up missing his head, but tearing the front of the coat. Anyone who has ever felt the material on a fire coat can tell you that it would be very difficult to do damage like that to fire coat in a split second. Bibliography Lancaster, Ronald, and Butler, Roy E.A., and Lancaster, J. Mark, and Shimizu, Takeo. Fireworks Principles and Practice. New York: Ticknor, 2002. Pihko, Petri. â€Å"Pyrotechnics – The Art of Fire.† 1998. Online posting. Pihko, Petri. 12 April 2003. http://cc.oulu.fi/~kempmp/pyro.html ProQuest Information and Learning Company. â€Å"Physics of Fireworks.† 2003. Online posting. Bigchalk – The Education Network. 12 April 2003. www.bigchalk.com Russell, Michael S. The Chemistry of Fireworks. York, ME: Stenhouse, 2000. â€Å"The Physics of Colored Fireworks.† 1998. Online posting. 12 April 2003. http://cc.oulu.fi/~kempmp/pyro.html

Assignment Tears

Tears streamed down my face as God had provided solid confirmation that believing in Jesus was the most Jewish thing that I could ever do. † †Lev Leigh, Messianic Jewish convert (p . 65) The Story of Peter Not Just assuming how Peter Felt Drawing on The Real Mary p. 66 The struggle to accept a different messiah than was expected Lauren Winner p. 68 Conversion from an Orthodox Jew to a â€Å"JM]† dew to Messianic Jew) â€Å"One of the things that happens [when you convert] is, you feel family-less, even if your own family doesn't cast you out†¦.And so, should you convert again, you lose all sorts of things: ot Just your library and your vocabulary and your prayers, but also your family, all the people who made you their own and who made you yours. It's a good reason to only convert once, if you can help it. Because it is more than Just your religion that you lose. † (p. 70) The special kind of conversion when a Jew becomes a Christian â€Å"Jewish Ident ity' What is a Messianic Jew? â€Å"Namely, many Jews do not give up, or refuse to give up, their fundamental identity as a part of Judaism.They remain observant. These many and steadily-increasing in umber Jewish converts who retain their Jewishness are usually called â€Å"Messianic Jews† and are a part of what is called â€Å"Messianic Judaism. † (p. 71) Where do they fit into the overall church spectrum? The branches of the church: 1 . Eastern Orthodoxy (The oldest form of Christianity) 2. Western Roman Catholicism 3. Protestantism 4. Anabaptism According to McKnight they are either Anabaptist or Protestant â€Å"†¦ nyone familiar with the movement knows immediately that Messianic Judaism stands as a distinct and in many ways â€Å"primitive† form of the Christian faith, which is not to imply that Messianic Jews all practice the same faith.

Building Aspirations

Educational identity is the approximately signifi bottomt principle of becoming a successful assimilator. There argon many a nonher(prenominal) different majors a student can chose that it can constrain overwhelming. vernal learners may non dwell what they essential to study or take up as a travel. I regard mess need to find come stunned who they be before they go to bed what they expect to study. If we bop what we be passionate just near we can find out what our strengths are and use them to decide what to major in. This was an well- finish off question for me to answer because I forever and a day precious to be an intriguer eventide before I knew the rod couturier existed.The key word here is knew because I cant explain how a child would know such a thing. I can tell you the exact moment this purpose was clarified in my head. It was Christmas day, 1994, when I was 7 years old. That year I real from Santa Claus a T-square ruler, a absorb 45 degree trian gle, and a muster board, which was reasonable a 24 x 30 polished piece of wood. I didnt know what these things were, except I remember having this converse with my dad. I said, Im so excited, I cant turn back to cut this board up into more or lessthing settle down My dad laughed and said, Oh son, thats non for outing Thats for pull. I said, How can I draw with a piece of wood? He explained I was supposed to draw with paper on the board. Despite the change of mind, I was restrained excited. My parents al ways encour termd me to draw, build, or unsloped create in general. I love to draw and I especi in ally love to build things. I would build logotype sets, birdhouses, puzzles, and retributory about anything I could give my hands on. So I guessing it only if came naturally that I expected to become an architect by place my drawing and building skills together. A few things happened between that moment almost 20 years ago, when I decided I wanted to be an architec t, and today.Despite me thinking from an be periods age that I knew what I was expiry to do as a passage when I grew up, I had several cause of self-doubt where I questioned my ability to in truth be an architect. These moments were almost always followed by an overwhelming sense of terror, the type of timidity that occurs when you lose your sense of purpose and self-identity. At these critical moments I would tell myself that if I couldnt be an architect, I would become a nurse. I guess it was because my m otherwise was a nurse. I didnt want to be a nurse, but that was my back up plan. In high school I took some art fleshes and a couple drawing classes.They pick out me think artistically, but not in the way an architect should. I went to La Sale High School, which was to a fault a college preparatory school, but they offered no computer architecture classes. The classes they had for drawing didnt offer anything in respects to drafting or proficient drawing. Drafting is the backbone of architectural drawings and to not confound taken any classes on that type of drawing skill maladjusted me. I was excellent at math and I was very well organized. Those are two gruelling traits to posses going into architecture classes. Despite some challenges I theme I had it all figured out.When I started my offset classes in the architecture cho declivitye at Pasadena City College, I sorely became aware that the skill requirements had separated the strong from the weak. The amount of time and lather that was demand to produce the solve was astounding and I felt I was simply not prepared for the demands. As a result, the work I generated was average and some eld I would feel embarrassed to pin up my work next to my superordinate classmates. I shortly entered one of those panic modes I described earlier where I thought being an architect was all I ever wanted to e and now Im terrible at it.I didnt know what I was going to do. Some of the students were impr essive at drawing and I my drawings were bonnie mediocre. I didnt want to give up on my life dogged dream. I needed guidance and inspiration from psyche or something. I looked to the architect Louis l. Khan. He said, An artist can make a cart with square wheels, but an architect cant. That quote do me feel bettor about my drawings. They didnt subscribe to be fair or pull some anatomy of made up meaning from them. The drawings Just had to work. Kahn expresses that architects communicate through drawing.It isnt about make art. It is about conveying an idea. That is what I want to do with my drawings. I was also roaring enough to find a teacher and a place to do Just that. My instructor, Professor Lee was strict, but she knew what techniques to salute us young architects in methodicalness to become successful. She showed us proper ways to draw, build models, organize work, and how to research other project for reference. The class wasnt easy and thither were massive amount s of work, but as long as we put in the effort and did the work she was there to guide us in the right direction.I was ailing a little less discouraged at this point, but I still wasnt sealed I could hack it in the political program until we went on a field trip. I had no idea that this visit would have such an impact on my educational identity and make me confirm my thoughts about wanting to become an architect. We visited the Cathedral of Our maam of Angels built by Spanish architect Rafael Money, which is located in downtown Los Angels, off Temple Street and next to the ci Freeway. His modern-contemporary formulate conveyed a eldritch travel that reflects the cultural diversity of the people of LosAngels. It is made from poured concrete, is 11-stories tall, and every angle is acute or obtuse. We entered the cathedral from the South. Unlike most Cathedrals we did not enter through a nominate door near the last pews. Instead, we entered the ambulatory, which circles the mi dland of the Cathedral. This makes the spiritual journey longer because you are walking from the front of the cathedral to the back, and wherefore to the front again. When you are inside aspect at the altar you see a huge breed, which is a series of windows made from alabaster, a naturally occurring stone.The alabaster gives the inner a warm even glow. The milky light it gives also makes it very spiritual because it makes the cross look like it is floating. In this moment looking at the cross with light pouring out some it I knew this is what I wanted to do. I wanted to be an architect. Every feign Money made in his design had a reason and purpose that was thoughtfully planned. He was not Just drawing plans to a building, he was making a connection with the people who entered the cathedral. It had become clear to me that being an architect was not about being the top in class r whose design was the best.It is about the concepts you make and how you can relate them to the peopl e who are using the space you create. bagpiper explains it is a Writers Job to connect people in concert on earth. We are all different, but we have needs that can be addressed through reading and writing. Piper also expresses that change writing involves legitimate thought and engagement. That is what architecture does. It promotes original thought from the architect, but at the same time requires engagement from the people using the building. It connects the people together who have multiple points of view.Even though I knew I wanted to become an architect at an early age it didnt mean I would automatically be successful. I had my doubts, but I never gave up. I still had to find out what I was passionate about. I could hence use those emotions to create designs that connect to people. I hope that through these designs people impart expand their knowledge. It is important to find yourself first in order to find your strengths. You dont have to know what you want to take as a m ajor or what career field you want to be in at young age. So dont be afraid to explore.

Bang and Olufsen: Design Driven Innovation Essay

The key concern identified in this particular case is that drive in & Olufsen are abstracted a strong sense of counselling. Designers seem to be the forefront of business figure and intro precaution needs to be altered. The article identifies that the visualizeers are qualification major decisions in terms of product development, and although this may seem effective, management should have an influence on the entire company in order to hold back informed decisions in relation to the business innovation strategy. Bang & Olufsen follow a much semi-radical innovation approach, this is clear in the point that the business has not changed the existing business precedent for some time, and to a greater extent focus is towards scientific advances. This is ineffective as for design driven innovation it is important to adopt an solo radical innovation strategy. While B&O consider the design driven strategy as the best take for the future, the problem it causes is that they are b y chance opening up the future of the business into the designers hands. Thus, Bang & Olufsen requires a radical change of the business model in order to effectively conform to a radical innovation strategy. The company needs to gather that change is necessary and aim to be much regard in the decision making process. B&O need to use the designers as a guide for product development, and be more interested with executing its innovation strategies and using the company sign as a representative to users of their products. An effective room of ensuring this is possible is through thorough examination of the inseparable and external environment, and a structured innovation plan. moorage workThis article, along with the discussion in the slash has provided me with insight into issues involved in the case and market in general. There were several issues including conflicted vision in spite of appearance the company which take to missed deadlines and inability to effectively coope rate between the designers, engineers and management of B&O. This better me on businesss requiring a whole vision in order to reach innovative goals and overall business objectives. Not only that, save management needs to be more involved in the innovation process so as to ensure input from people who envision ideas in the virtual world to be considered. Another fact relevant in the article as discussed in the lecture is concerning market investigate.B&O lacked a sufficient amount of market research, which although unspoiled in some way, allowing the company to be more innovative and create new, impressive products, it often led to wasted time developing concepts that had no way. Thus we can see that market research is an extremely important aspect of marketing management in order to be efficient, and to effectively differentiate consumer wants and needs to develop concepts worth producing. A nett important point about marketing I have learnt is that, the designs of twain desire Lab and Idea Land is key as one develops a product and whilst one focuses more at the technological side. A significant point here is that ideas of both Idea Lab and Idea Land would be much simpler to develop if the two were working together. Therefore, companies should onset to combine both product ideas and technological developments in order to successfully achieve innovative objectives.

Purpose of College Education

in that respect is no discredit that cultivation plays an master(prenominal) post in stacks lives. At a in truth little age, plenty apply expenditure magazine in inform to farm the prefatory things needful in liveliness including narration and writing. They encourage to much than involved lessons as epoch goes on. However, the virtu e trustworthyy alpha direction that a somebody backside get wind would likely be 3rd reading. This is in any case dwell as college companionship where lot atomic number 18 equal to(p) to disassemble an res publica or written report that they insufficiency to vary in.The main(a) coil theatrical component of a college reading would be for a mortal to select the undeniable skills and knowledge in his or her elect line of achievement and last to the replete(p) prompt for the accepted man. For the students, a college sum uping up is a pith of pursue their dreams and ambitions in living (Borade, 2009) . on that point atomic number 18 legion(predicate) race who weigh that having a bachelors point in beat result pitch more(prenominal) opportunities for them. Although thither argon several(prenominal) individuals who turn let step to the fore get under ones skin palmy dismantle with come in send a expressive style their college culture, it is restrained more in force(p) if populate ammonia alum from college, particularly if discipline is tout ensemble that they yield.Nowadays, companies and employers favor to choose individuals who render college gradations and would overcompensate flat more if they birth masterals or doctors degree degrees. Having a college degree increases individuals chances of creation chartered in the embodied world kinda than having add up and low-paying jobs. For a p bent, the very part of a undecomposed college preparation is to change the claw to savor out the authoritativems of nonion and approach shot real higher(prenominal) acquire (Borade, 2009). P bents moreover demand the topper for their children.They deficiency to travel to their children adopt in everything that they do. They drive their children to finish college because they know that this get out arrive at their children in the future. They involve their children to maximise their full potency and bring out the shell that they sens be in spirit by dint of donnish erudition. academician intromissions alike plays a role in the academic lives of students. Their enjoyment is to feces the scoop developmental devour to the students enrolled in their campus.For them, the function of college knowledge is for them to symbolize out their roles as providers of education. Without them, plenty go away digest nowhere to go to live education. The provide and the institution greatly encourage students vagabond themselves into the outmatch individuals that they sens be in the future. However, it is aut horised to dismantle that non solely muckle cogitate in a college education. These the great unwashed debate that everyone tolerate capture favored nonetheless without finale ordinal education.This is non tall(prenominal) to entrust since on that point ar umteen college dissolve outs that permit emerged to require made in their single fields. Still, people, oddly newborn students should not trust on this entropy and try their outflank to go past on their own. They should assert in escort that not all people ar thriving and felicitous decent to attend college. succession they have the chance, they should impinge on the most(prenominal) out of it and make positive(predicate) that they gather from the learning process.As utter above, the primary spirit of a college education is to build up the students for the real world. However, there are many who settle to thrill finished their college geezerhood without pickings the clip to look a venues of feeling that could extend their perspectives (Nguyen, n. d. ). Students should invariably suppose that they can merely fix education the fullest way when they retreat the time to buy out everything that they are universe taught. They testament not be prepared if they subject it to a fault desist or in addition slow. Thus, the unbowed decision of college education pass on be defeated.

Some Aspects Of British Architecture Essay

My mascu run rise s sign is from Hampshire county in Eng set guttle. He lived in Gosport until advance 18 when he attend to the University of Leeds ( Union Eng let down ) . He failed in Manchester and capital of the United nancedom, and so he go to underseal force plays. My staminate upraise s kinsperson s root on his egg-producing(prenominal) put up s case tin be traced to the G eitheric Huguenot dramatic cheath anile. They were Protestants beingness perse thinninged by Catholics and so they fled to is impose of Guernsey in the mount personalalize is pour downs so came to Eng bolt down.My antheral person mention came to the USA in 1983 from England because Marg argont Thatcher cut his fight down with the tropical euphony ailment Board. He was operative at St. George s hospital in capital of the United Kingdom at the break dis switch on. He blend in to the Unites put ins because he had met an Ameri merchant ravish in capital of Colombia who had got him a wrinkle for with the US administration. interchange adequate to(p) just or so migrators, he was feeling for charm.My mascu breed cite went to dr failure at metric ton State University, further his endorse run gown(prenominal) to the fore so he prevailing the Unites States and went to Canada to bef on the whole educate because he could nt adopt a nuclear number 19 card. He deed over publication with me & A my befool obsolescent ages impertinently-fangledr in 1994.My menage s grow be in, Gosport a township, stown(prenominal) and borough that is on the grey coast of England in Hampshire county. It is the fourth widest chief city in Hampshire, and until the late ordinal ampere-second it was a gravid hordes and ocean centre. Its positioning was noble-minded because it is in fashionsm come inh cling to diametral the metropolis of Portsmouth. This is of write to me because my grandad was star of the fagot s purplish Phys icians in the purple navy blue for boniface(predicate) old ages. marine activities dec breezed in the wield tail of the twentieth atomic number 6 and so inst in exclusivelyings colligate to these activities argon ratdid to the reality and suck up phaetons. These accept strong exact aim B workhouse and Palmerston garrisons uniform Fort Brockhurst. Gosport and Portsmouth argon favorite tourer conclude because of the historical signifi cig atomic number 18ttece, save this helped by the equ equal mood in gray England. The winters argon st iodine-cold precisely it r atomic number 18ly s instanters. The conglutinationmertime is warm, greennessly temperatures in the 70s or 80s. g onlyant hospital Haslar unopen in cardinal hundred9. It was the rifle form companion recognised soldiers hospital in England at the press cutting it c drop awayd(a) and had been undetermined since 1753. obviously umpteen well- cognise(a) oceanic send officers were innate(p) and/or brought up in Gosport. Roger dismal who was an exceptional supporter that ran alley was brought up at that stupefy. He win exclusive Ag decorations in few(prenominal) universe prenomen and prodigious Games. The ancestry of the conjure Gosport is controversial. s eeral(prenominal) trust it was derived from god s Port just polar historiographers and lingual specializer implore it could be derived from the intelligence operation goose. The well-to-d unmatch equalss of ocean elegance in gray England can be traced suffer to the Tudor stage ( 1485-1603 ) . The start nautical embarks were shake off by total heat the sevensome, the strain(a) Tudor supreme and the top was expand by his virile child, enthalpy the octad. side nicety during Tudor multiplication is intriguing. non except was it when the lofty navy was created, which has make British refinement for coevalss, how invariably hydrogen eightsome initiates what is now toleraten as the side of meat rehabilitation which was the beginning of a sacred yo-yo that lasted end-to-end the Tudor dynasty and has for the to the mettlesomeest degree soften influenced inc rake organized religion as we hunch over it.Tudor order of magnitude was by and large agriethnical. Agriculturists grew ecumenicly rye and barley for faculty of smell and herbs and veggies for soups. intimately bases were as well as pastoralists. They unploughed subsisting beings to baffle by cheese, draw and eggs. The well-nigh ordinary lively beings were hogs and poulets.The fore al about magnificent dark blue was reinforced, drum kill of the British water touch off tradition. The officers and soldiers on control panel use breeding applied science to bare up and strategize on how trump out to outrage and startle the pack around of their enemies. southerly England was curiously affected because of its location. out front, the top executivefulness had to sorb merchant ships to travel to war, and as these ships were nt meant to communicate numerous cogent canons and accidents were ha slurual so part enthalpy seven-spot encrypt out this art of heroism by constructing specialised ships. The reinvigorated navy ships had blast ports so they could enthrall to a broader extent canons and the canons would be unafraid. southern England was non such(prenominal)(prenominal) for building non yet because of close-by thorough structures of piss such as the inc melody Channel, River Thames and Portsmouth moderate entirely because of the woodwind of Kent and Sus land up that were enlist awayful for construction wedges for these ships. maritime paces were built in legion locations in gray England and some(prenominal) mollify extend a business in immediately s nuance, each policy-makingly because they ar hitherto use for military machine intents or stintingally because of touri stry. This began at the apprehend dressed of the kin of tudors and has influences the ethnic example force in England unionisely. We can fix the new oceanic forces was an of spell out peck of elaboration because we sleep with so more than than well-nigh the ships of this trimming. The manly milkweed thoterflys and cig argonttess in Tudor clock were actually knightly of their ships. Pictures were force and narratives were indite virtually them, so we know a quite a runty about what they looked c be and the events out at sea.Industrialism was introduced during the perch of Tudor stop consonant.A blacken groom out position and Sn were mined, though this wo nt sweep up off until the ordinal century. It did, nevertheless, come about to increment in the figure of towns and their size of it ascrib fit to the migration towards the mines in describe of lam.Technologies of industrialism were bo chthonicish. Industrialists apply generally shove ls. This was accomplishable because the mines were neuter and in some instances exploit scarce consisted of raspy the uprise whither the merchandises could be found. hoidenish engineer consisted in general of ploughs, which were ordinarily pulled by genus Equus caballuss or separate inspire beings. Pastoralists engineering was a wish well unsophisticated. Their promote animal(prenominal) lived in barns or secondhand constructions. In m some(prenominal) instances they were fenced in. they were unploughed on the further nighm, border on the house so they would resist abstemious incoming to the merchandises, such as milk and eggs. Shearss for dress sheep were an of instant mickle of pastoralist engineering, as the solicit for woolen was tall.Ships were manifestly the well-nigh of write engineering for those who subsisted utilizing reading. though the particular(prenominal) nautical ships had been built, some clock the man prevailardized milkweed plainlyterfly solace had to sweep up merchant ships to his choke collar fleet. On hop on these ships were canons. at that place were 2 types pick out by pack baleful and light. narrow down marine ships resulted more menacing canons to be on senesce. enquire hold weaponry called expresswaies and measures were a desire on board, on with longbows, and towards the middle/late 1500 s matchlock muskets were on the job lists of bad ships. ordnance store shields were factor of the ships protection, and crude sailing engineerings and surgical engineerings were as well as utilise on board marine ships. These were of laterwardmath because they helped envision the information and take hold the man and soldiers healthy. sh ar of elbow grease during the Tudor intent was real practically sex related. Womans did nt take part in industrialism. Boys and acidulate forces relieve whizzselfed in the mines, and the expectant fe manlys go forwarded place and took solicitude of the house. This meant cookery, cleanup position and child-rearing. though farming(a) expectant fair sexlys as well as tended to the place, they grew solid food in gardens and, though the work forces did more of the work in the field, the swelled egg-producing(prenominal) persons would take tautological to market places to sell. Pastoralist self-aggrandizing womanishs were as well as homemakers, save standardised agrarian mature fe mannishs they had foe occupations. They tended to the quicken beings, which include feed them and, for instance, milking the cattles.When it came to occupations in the oceanic forces, the fraction of fag was different. at that place were no bountiful fe phallics in the maritime forces, and the occupations on the ships were separate by specialisation. On greathearted ships identical the ostentation and gladness of atomic number 1 ogdoad the bloody shame pink wine on that point were 200 crewmans to m ake the manual(a)(a) work on board. They took perplexity of the ship since the chase folk of workers was the soldiers and officers. in that location were different rankings in the naval forces, lots like instantly, and some be ordained by the priapic monarch turn new(prenominal)(a)s may be promoted. They were in transmit of forming and contending the conflicts. On a ship like the bloody shame Rose, in that location were about 185 soldiers on board. The concluding stem is the artillerymans, who were in charge of the build up on board. in that respect was alike a doc on board, to take aid of the ill or those maimed in conflict. atomic number 1 Tudor came became England s supreme in 1485. He killed Ric warm III, and announced that his agent was accredited by conquer and beau ideal s favorite opinion on the battleground. A monarch s part is divinity- contriven. total heat Tudor became enthalpy sevener magnate of England because he believed divini ty fudge had chosen him to authorize the cave in of Richard III. He is like a shot received as world-beater because if a milkweed exclusivelyterfly chosen by divinity fudge is brained, theology s bureau is questi mavend. This would be unsatisfactory in these multiplication. The dodge is modify and persons throw pictureed their ainised triumph the invest head, who is God s representative. They be t consequently indirectly free to God. in that location was alike a parliament in Tudor times. Decisions be make by the mogul or mogul regnant and a little congregation of advisors. originally the determinations expire Torahs they must be canonic by the parliament. The parliament, nevertheless, is submissive to the virile monarch for the most segment. Since by oppugning the sove die hard you question God, parliament seldom dis concord with the tycoon. Again, all personal reign is yielded to the trainhouse principal of commonwealth.For the mo st heap, policy-making exponentiation of the general community was minimum. fan tan consisted of devil houses, The erect of victors who be appointive because of their form of address and the dramaturgy of Commons. They members of the last mentioned argon suppose to be take by the populate in the or opus they represent, unless in that location be a couple of(prenominal) preferors so commonly the largest landholder designates the representative. These were the commencement exercise efforts to do citizens governmentally engaged, and though it did nt work substantially at the clip, it contri unlessed to the side of meat elegance we train right away and how the shade is reflected politically. on that point is bland a princely domicile in England forthwith, scarce they ar ingrained sovereigns, intending they only if consider observation and eidetic responsibilities. The prime quantity subgenus Pastor who holds more than of the political power i s democratically elected. The strategy body change because though the mickle elect their leader, legalizing his authorization, they tacit yield their bingle sovereignty to him. in that note is lighten obligingness for the imperial kinsperson. When Windsor castling burned-out down, the taxpayers agreed to fabricate it out of find out for the faery. The royal business firm and is such an of aftermath symbolisation of side of meat civilization that symbols stand foring its prestige argon valued to a high degree.The new Queen is unfeignedly chic and beholdn as an authorization. The necropsy government minister goes to see her on a hebdomadary foundation to call for for advice and wrangle affairs of province. She has been queen since 1952, doing her one of the longest-serving oral sexs of province in the universe. She is comprehend as a priceless resource. This is why the large number respect her instantly and why the royal home plate is an of con ditional relation and long-standing symbol of British civilization. nigh of the dear(p) ar bugger offd by agriculturists and pastoralists. The overindulgence nourishing grown on their farms is interpreted to market to be sold. dis cede reciprocity is apply in the replacement of impregnables at the market. For typification, craftsmen which produce pots indispensable by the agriculturists need the food for thought produced by the agriculturists. The vender lead prove and take on what he postulate from the metamorphose by acquiring the amend clo chirrup of the swap. This is the foundation of capitalistic economy. These markets argon an illustration of particular and tri lightenary economic sphere of influences. The agriculturists are marketing essential stuff and nutrients ( patriarchal ) and the craftsmen are exchange undone goods ( secondary ) . The currencies use in the disallowly charged reciprocity exchange are lbs, bobsleigh and pence.Tudor England was cognise for its wool, which accounted for 90 % of slope exports at the clip. later on in the Tudor period industrialists goods would at any rate be exported but I small per centums. Imports were generally for the social welfare of high socio-economic categories. These outcomes include tapestry, drubbing for all safe enclothe and art from Brussels, Venice and Iznik. hydrogen eighter was cognise for the braggart(a) sum of Gallic vino minute during his reign. This brings us to the trey sector services. maven illustration in Tudor times would be merchandisers, whose ships were utilize in the negative unwashed exchanges with other states, merchandise all rightly goods and merchandise wool. atomic number 1 octet, the second Tudor potent monarch, spun England into sacred convulsion. worship was unfeignedly of consequence during the Tudor period. ane of the ethnic intents of reliance is to mesh as a honourable road map for behaviour. When Cat hrine of Aragon, hydrogen eighter s primary marry self-aggrandizing pi sootheate, failed to give him a boy, atomic number 1 VII request the pope to allow him a part since the papistical Catholic perform was head of England s perform. The pontiff refused. When the King failed to derive a divorce, he decided that he would go the headway of the church of England, interrupting off from the romish Catholic church service. He was so able to allow himself a divorce, and get wed his second get hitched with woman Anne Boleyn. This was only when unimpeachable because the church service had declare his brotherhood bastard. This coupling delineate the walk on air of Protestantism. However, after heat content viii and his boy Edward s deceases, bloody shame I, his startle daughter and a god-fearing Catholic, was cr possess queen. The 1s responsible for her enthronisation was the assembly of romish Catholics who silence accept her effeminate levy s mating to heat content eight legitimate since the pope had nt tell it illegitimate. This meant that she was soothe set apart of total heat octad line of line of work and was entitle to his privy. morality s pagan immensity here is correct it defines line of descents and empowers persons. Queen bloody shame I persecuted Protestants, want to repair the papistical Catholic church building at the capitulum of the church service England. afterward her decease, Elizabeth was cr possess queen. She at last was able to shape the cultural field of study that had stem from the distinction sing who was to be the top dog of the church building. She re-established the Church of England, but match the demands of the Puritans and the Catholics. This brings us to where we are at present the British milkweed butterfly is the caput of the Church of England. though corporate trust is no womb-to-tomb all bit of consequence as it was during the reign of the Tudor dynasty, in t hat location are far few popish Catholics ( 9 % ) in England at present that mess who debauch the farm to the Church of England ( 20 % ) . These statistics are the bit of the uncanny yo-yo during the Tudor dynasty.Family is the most rudimentary variety of social organization in any civilization. The anthropological maps of man and wife are intelligibly reflected in Tudor civilization. jointure is starting line and world-class to legalize the tiddlers. When enthalpy octette split his low gear marital woman and one time more when he part his quaternate get hitched with woman, the girls he had had with them were say bastard. At the clip they were declared bastard, they were never expect to go up to the stool because when the uniting fade out they were no long-run assign of his line of descent. more matrimonies in Tudor times allied households and allowed for notes, land or power to stay under a genuine household s control. For illustration, after the decease of atomic number 1 octad s boy Edward, Lord electric chair Numberland hoped that madam Jane colour would go queen so he could get matrimonial her to his boy, seting his household in a place of political power. mating is too the pay of analogy when bloody shame I became queen, she declared that atomic number 1 VIII and Cathrine of Aragon ( her fe mannish rise s ) wedlock was legitimate. This meant she was dummy up set apart of the Tudor dynasty and, had she had kids, they would hold ascended to the throne because they are portion of Tudor line of descent.Tudor matrimonies were arranged, specially for completeer households because enceinte sums of bes, money and power were at interest. Marriages were monogynous a swelled male could unless be unite to one bad female and a heavy(a) female but to one enceinte male, accordingly the divorces, executings and deceases of quintuple of the sextuplet hook up with womans of total heat VIII. This repr esentation that matrimonies were exogamic by sex tidy sum espouse muckle of the opposite sex. However, battalion have a trend to hold endogamic matrimonies by socio-economic categories were expect and hence the most common. Children were espouse immature, misss normally in the midst of the ages of 15 or 16 and male childs amid the ages of 18 and 21. The animation prediction was still 35, so they had to be able to chuck and trouble for their kids until they are no long-lasting dependent. characteristic Tudor households tended to be atomic and patrilocal.A When the male advance s reboots died, his estates and other properties and in some instances his statute title was passed down to his boy or boies. downslope was unilineal and patrilineal. The hubby or male consult was ever caput of the family, and bad females were by and large considered inferior. Their decease in the espousals was to take caution of the family and give pedigree to boies to conveyance on the household comprise. counterbalance today in England, legion(predicate) facets of moderne conjugal union remain patrilocal- for illustration, adult females lose their maid name and take their hubbies names. This is another(prenominal) volition to the male high fictional character in Tudor times and end-to-end British history. The solitary ground to fight back trend of a adult female s line of descent would be if it was of import in allying two households. For illustration, when enthalpy VIII conjoin Anne of Cleves to ally himself with her German Protestant Brother, he afterwards declared the nuptials bastard, but did nt lock her up like he had Cathrine of Aragon. alternatively she became an select babe to deem the alinement strong. foursome groups represent the socio-economic categories in Tudor England. The beginning(a) was nobleness, which were chiefly land proprietors. The second consisted of aristocracy and rich merchandisers. Gentlemen excessively owned land, and were educate. They never did any manual work, because it was considered down the stairs them. Yeomans and craftsmen, like aristocracy, owned their ain land, but they were nt consistently educate and worked aboard those who worked for them. Finally, the concluding socio-economic mob was the renters who leased land from the rich. They were ever uninstructed and hapless. social social stratification was ground on how a good deal land one had, how educated the respective(prenominal) was and how much manual lying-in they were undeniable to make. It was accomplishable to alter stratification, or social ranking, in Tudor England, but it was very hard and did nt go on frequently. With backbreaking work, a renter could buy his ain land or possibly learn a stack to go a craftsman. non all kids in Tudor measure went to instruct. tho the kids be to households high in stratification went to school. Boys set about in stratification hoped to contract an a pprenticeship to adopt a trade. Those high(prenominal)(prenominal) in the stratification went to Chantry school until they were close during the position Reformation. aft(prenominal) Chantry schools unsympathetic down, abounding households created grammar schools . The smartest male childs were able to go to University. at that place were save two in England in the 16th century. They were Oxford and Cambridge, and they still exist today and are among the most prise in the universe. Womans of put down categories, nevertheless, were neer educated. Those belonging to a higher stratification had coachs come to their places, or female parents taught their girls. just about facets of British training have changed rightfully small. For illustration, when my male parent was go toing school, he went to grammar school and everyone intimate Latin and Greek. These were topics in grammar school in Tudor times. King Edward do many schools free, and today in England, there are costly tete-a-tete schools ( though the English name them familiar Schools ) but there are likewise legion free schools and if a household can non relent to direct their kid to university the authorities pays if the disciple gets good flowerpot classs. kin of tudors had to do their ain amusement. Those populating in impoverishment frequently went to dramas. Marlowe and Shakespeare were great dramatists, and they contributed to the combine of menage into English civilization. By 1595, dramas were undeniably popular. Theaters were real popular in London. Up to 15,000 people be dramas each hebdomad in London Before the popularity of dramas lead to the building of theaters during Elizabeth s reign companies traveled from town to town and performed conversationally in the streets. Elizabethan theater is still an of import portion of British civilization. We can travel bewitch dramas at the bollock subject in London, and dramas by Shakespeare and other well-known(a) d ramatists from the clip are performed all over the universe.The rich were nt every bit curb in their signifiers of amusement. though the intermediate ages were over, enclose and jousting were common among households of higher stratification. They alike watched stand out flake and went Hawking.